PROJECTILE: Range up and down and inclined plane-maximum range-two directions of projection for a given velocity and range.
IMPULSE-IMPACT: Laws or impact - coefficient of restitution -impact of a smooth sphere on a fixed smooth plane-Direct impact between two smooth spheres-Losses in kinetic energy in direct impact-Oblique impact between two smooth spheres.
Unit II
SHM: Composition of two SHM's of same period along a straight line and at right angles to each other-Lissajous figures.
DYNAMICS OF RIGID BODIES: Compound pendulum-theory-condition for minimum period-interchangeability of center of suspension and center of oscillation-g using compound pendulum-Bifilar pendulum-parallel and non-parallel threads.
Unit III
CENTER OF GRVITY: Center of gravity of a solid cone, Solid hemisphere, hollow hemisphere and a tetrahedron.
FRICTION: Laws of friction-angle of friction-resultant reaction and cone of friction-equilibrium of a body on an inclined plane under the action of a force.
CENTER OF PRESSURE: Definition-center of pressure of a rectangular lamina and triangular lamina.
ATMOSPHEREIC PRESSURE: Variation of atmospheric pressure with attitude-height of homogenous atmosphere.
Unit IV
CLASSICAL MECHANICS: Mechanics of system of particles-conservation theorem for angular momentum and energy- constraints-classification- generalized coordinates-transformation equations-principle of virtual work-D'Alembert's principle-derivation of Lagrangian formulation of conservation theorems - generalized momentum-energy and linear momentum.
Unit V
SOUND: Theory of damped and forced vibrations-sharpness of resonance-Fourier theorem -application for saw tooth wave and square wave.
ULTRASONICS: Production-piezoelectric crystal method-magnetostriction method-detection properties-applications.
ACOUSTICS OF BUILDINGS: Reverberation-derivation of Sabine's formula- determination of absorption coefficient.
Text Books
1.
Mechanics and Mathematical Methods(2005)
by R.Murugesan. S.Chand and Co.
2.
Dynamics by M.Narayanamurti and Mnagarathnam. (2005)
The National Publishing Company.
3.
Statics, Hydrostatics and Hydrodynamics. (2005)
By M.Narayanamurti and Mnagarathnam.
The national publishing company
4.
Properties of matter and Acoustics. (2005)
By R.Murugesan. S.C hand and Co.
Reference Books
1.
Sound by Khanna and Bedi. (2005)
Atmaram and Sons.
2.
A Text Book of Sound(2005)
By M.Ghosh.S.Chand & Co
3.
A Text Book of Sound(2005) By R.L.Saighal.S.Chand & Co
4.
A Text Book of Sound(2005)
By N. Subrahmanyam and Brijlal S.Chand and Co.,
5.
Classical Mechanics by H.Goldstein(2005)
Addison Wesley Publications
6.
Mechanics (2005)by D.S.Mathur.S.Chand and Co.,
SEMESTER II
PAPER II: THERMAL PHYSICS(06UPH02)
UNIT I: THERMOMETRY AND CALORIMETRY:
Platinum resistance thermometer-corrections-thermoelectric thermometer - definition of specific heat capacity - determination of specific heat capacity of a liquid by Newton's law of cooling - two specific heat capacities of a gas - determination of Cv by Joly's differential calorimeter
UNIT II: LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS:
Joule - Thomson effect - porous plug experiment - liquefaction of gases - adiabatic demagnetization - practical applications of low temperatures - refrigerating machines - electro flux refrigerator - air conditioning machines - effects of chlorofluoro carbons on ozone layer.
UNIT III: THERMODYNAMICS:
Zeroth, first and second laws of thermodynamics - reversible and irreversible processes - heat engines - Carnot's, petrol and diesel engines - their efficiency - entropy - change in entropy in reversible and irreversible processes - third law of thermodynamics - temperature - entropy diagram.
UNIT IV:CONDUCTION AND RADIATION:
Thermal conductivity - definition - thermal conductivity of a good conductor and bad conductor(Forbe's and Lee's disc methods) - radiation - blackbody radiation - Wien's and Rayleigh - Jean's laws - plank's law- Stefan's law - pyrometry - solar constant - temperature of the sun.
UNIT V: MAXWELL'S THERMODYNAMIC RELATIONS:
Derivations of Maxwell's thermodynamic relations - applications - Helmholtz function - Gibb's function - Enthalpy - TdS equations - Clausius - Clapeyron's latent heat equation - specific heat relations.
Text Books
1.
Brijlal and Subramaniam, Heat and Thermodynamics, S.Chand & Co., New Delhi 2004
2.
D.S. Mathur, Heat and Thermodynamics, S.Chand & Co. New Dlhi 2004
Reference Books
1.
J.B. Rajam and C.L. Arora, Heat and Thermodynamics, S.Chand & Co. New Delhi, 2004
2.
A.B. Gupta and H. Roy, Thermal Physics, Allied Books, New Delhi, 2002
Surface tension and interfacial surface tension - Drop Weight method
5.
Sonometer - frequency of a fork
6.
Sonometer - R.D of a solid and liquid
7.
Specific heat capacity of a liquid - Method of a mixtures - Barton's correction
8.
Spectrometer i - d curve
9.
Spectrometer - Grating - Standardization - normal incidence measurement of Wavelength
10.
Potentiometer - calibration of low range Voltmeter
11.
Potentiometer - Internal resistance of a cell
12.
Field along the axis of a coil - deflection magnetometer
13.
P O Box - Temperature coefficient of resistance
14.
14. Joule's calorimeter - Specific heat capacity of a liquid - Barton's correction
15.
B. G current and voltage sensitive
16.
B. G charge sensitivity
17.
Bridge rectifier
18.
Zener diode - Voltage regulator
19.
Low range power pack
20.
NAND, NOR gates as Universal Building Block
SEMESTER III
Paper - IV: PROPERTIES OF MATTER (06UPH04)
Unit I
Gravitation - Newton's law of gravitation - determination of gravitational constant - Cavendish method, Boy's method and Poynting's method - gravitational potential and field due to a spherical shell, a solid sphere and a hollow sphere - earthquakes - types of seismic wares - seismographs - pendulum seismographs - determination of epicentre and focus - applications of seismology.
Unit II
Bending of beams-expression fort bending moment-depression of the loaded end of a cantilever-uniform and non-uniform bending - theory and experiment - work done in bending - expression for the period of oscillation of a cantilever - determination of young's modulus of a cantilever - dynamic method - Koenig's method - theory and experiment - I form of girders.
Unit III
Torsion - expression for couple per unit twist - work done in stretching - torsion pendulum - theory - determination of rigidity modulus - dynamic method and static method.
Viscosity - comparison of viscosities - Oswald's viscometer - viscosity of a highly viscous liquid - Searle's viscometer - viscosity of gases - Meyer's formula for the rate of flow of gases through a capillary tube - viscosity of a gas - ranking's method.
Unit IV
Surface tension - excess of pressure inside a curved liquid surface - experimental study of variation of surface tension with temperature - surface tension and interfacial surface tension - theory and experiment - surface tension and angle of contact of mercury - Quincke's method - vapour pressure over a liquid surface - determination of surface tension by ripples method - factors affection surface tension.
Unit V
Diffusion - Graham's laws of diffusion - Fick's laws of diffusion - analogy with heat - determination of diffusivity - Graham's law of diffusion of gases - effusion of gases - transpiration - osmosis - experimental determination of osmotic pressure - laws of osmotic pressure - osmosis and vapor pressure. Of a solution - osmosis and boiling point of a solution - osmosis and freezing point of a solution - molecular depression of freezing point - determination of molecular weight and percentage of dissociation of an electrolyte.
BOOKS FOR STUDY:
1.
Elements of properties of matter by D.S.Mathur and S.Chand and Co., (2005)
2.
Properties of matter by R. Murugesan S.Chaned and Co.,(2005)
3.
Properties of matter by Brijlal and N.Subrahmanyam. S. Chand and Co., (2005)
Reference Books
1.
Fundamentals of General Properties of Matter
by H.R. Gulati S.Chand and Co.,2005)
2.
Properties of Matter
by Subramaniya Iyer and Rangarajan , Viswanathan(2005)
SEMESTER IV
PAPER V: OPTICS(06UPH05)
UNIT I: THICK LENSES
Convex lens - principal focal and principal points - Thick lens formula - power of a thick lens - Spherical aberration in lenses - methods of minimizing it - condition for minimum spherical aberration in the case of two lenses separated by a distance - Chromatic aberration in lenses - achromatic in two thin lenses (in contact and out of contact)- coma - astigmatism - curvature of the field - Huygen's and Ramdsen's eyepieces - construction and comparison - Types of lenses: normal, telephoto, zoom and wide angle lenses.
UNIT II: INTERFERENCE:
Interference in thin films due to reflected and transmitted light - air wedge - testing the paleness of surface - Newton's rings in reflected light - determination of wave length and refractive index - Michelson interferometer - construction and working - types and visibility of fringes - determination of wave length, resolution of spectral lines refractive index and thickness of thin sheet.
UNIT III: DIFFRACTION:
Fresnel's assumptions - rectilinear propagation of light - zone plate - its action for plane and spherical wave front - comparison of zone plate and convex lens - Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction - Plane diffraction grating - normal and oblique incidence - width of principal maxima - absent spectra - determination of wave length using the grating - Dispersive power of the grating - Resolving power of a telescope, microscope prism and grating.
UNIT IV: POLARISATION AND ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY:
Polarization of light waves - polarization by reflection - Brewster's law - double refraction - Nicol prism - Optical activity - Fresnel's explanation - specific rotator power by Laurent's half shade polarimeter - Electromagnetic waves - Maxwell's equations(no derivation) - propagation of electromagnetic waves in isotropic medium - Poynting vector.
UNIT V: FIBRE OPTICS:
Optical fibers - propagation of light in optical fiber - acceptance angel numerical aperture - modes of propagation - step and grade index fibres - plastic fibres - absorption, scattering and bending losses - core and cladding losses - optical fibre communication system - its advantages - light sources (lasers) - different types of modulation and demodulation(basic ideas only).
Text Books
1.
Subrahmaiyam and Brijlal, A Textbook of Optics,(2005) S.Chand & Co., New Delhi
Reference Books
1.
Murugeshan, R , Optics, S.Chand & Co., New Delhi, (2005)
2.
Subir Kumar Sarkar, Optic Fibres and Fibre Optic Communication Systems,
S. Chand & Co., New Delhi, 2003.
PAPER-VI:MAIN PRACTICAL –II(06UPH06)
1.
Young's modulus - non uniform bending - pin and microscope
2.
Young's modulus - uniform bending - scale and telescope method
3.
Torsion pendulum- MI and rigidity modulus - symmetrical masses
4.
Coefficient of viscosity of a liquid - graduated burette - radius by mercury pellet method.
5.
Melde's apparatus - frequency - transverse and longitudinal modes.
6.
Specific heat capacity of a liquid by cooling - verification of Newton's law of cooling.
7.
Meldes apparatus - RD of a solid and liquid
8.
Air wedge thickness of a wire and its insulation.
9.
Spectrometer - dispersive power of a prism.
10.
Spectrometer - grating - minimun deviation.
11.
Potentiometer - ammeter calibration.
12.
Potentiometer - specific resistance.
13.
M and BH - Deflection Magnetometer - TAN A and TAN B
14.
Cary Foster's bridge - specific resistance.
15.
BG Comparison of capacities.
16.
BG comparison if EMF's of two cells.
17.
Half and Full adder.
18.
Half and Full subtractor.
19.
Verification of DeMorgan's theorems
20.
OPAMP- Integrator and differentiator.
SEMESTER V
PAPER -VII: ELECTRICITY (06UPH07)
Unit I
Capacity- Principle of capacitors-Capacity of spherical and cylindrical capacitors-Energy of a capacitor-loss of energy due to sharing of charges-Electrometers - Principle -Attracted disc electrometer-Quadrant electrometer- Measurement of potential, ionization current and dielectric constant
Unit II
Carey Foster's bridge - Measurement of temperature co-efficient of resistance - Thermo electricity - Peltier coefficient - Thomason coefficient - Applications of thermo dynamics to thermo couple - Thermo electric power - Thermo electric diagrams and uses - Measurement of thermo emf using potentiometer - Potentiometer high range voltmeter calibration.
Unit III
Intensity of magnetic field due to solenoid carrying current - Effect of iron core in a solenoid - Moving coil ballistic galvanometer - Damping correction - Determination of absolute capacity of a condenser - Determination of mutual inductance between tow coils - expression for self inductance of a coils - Expression for mutual inductance of a pair of coaxial coils - Co-efficient of coupling between two coils.
Unit IV
Transient Current - Growth and Decay of current in a circuit containing resistance and inductance - Growth and decay of change in a circuit containing resistance and capacitance - Growth and decay of charge in a LCR Circuit - Condition for the discharge to the oscillatory - Frequency of oscillation
Unit V
Alternating currents - Peak average and RMS value of current and voltage - series and parallel resonance circuits - Expressions for current - Power in an AC circuit - Power factor in LR and CR circuits - Choke coil - Construction and working of transformers - Energy losses - Skin effect.
Text Books
1.
Electricity and Magnetism - Brijlal and Subramaniam (2005)S.Chand&Co
2.
Electricity and Magnetism - R. Murugesan(2005) S. Chand& Co
Reference Books
1.
Electricity and magnetism - D.N. Vasudeva (2005) S. Chand& Co
2.
Electricity and magnetism - K.K. Tewari(2005) S. Chand& Co
PAPER VIII: BASIC ELECTRONICS(06UPH08)
UNIT I : SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES, D.C.POWER SUPPLY,MULTIMETER AND C.R.O.:
Junction theory - V-I characteristics of PN junction diode - half -wave, full wave and bridge rectifiers - ripple fact or - efficiency - filters - types of diodes - moving coil and solid state MultiMate's - cathode ray oscilloscope and its applications.
UNIT II: TRANSISTOR BIASING, BIAS STABILIZATION AND OPERTING POINT:
Junction Transistor structure-Working of a transistor-transistor amplifying action-transistor characteristics-CB,CE,CC configurations-comparisons between these- Basic CE amplifier-Field effect transistor-selection of operating point-need for bias stabilization-requirements of a basic circuit-different biasing circuits-fixed bias-bias with emitter resistor-voltage divider bias circuit.
UNIT III: SINGLE STAGE,MULTISTAGE AND POWER AMPLIFIERS:
Single stage transistor amplifier-BJT,FET-analysing an amplifier- graphical method-equivalent circuit method - gain of multistage amplifier - graphical method - equivalent circuit method - gain of multistage amplifier - analysis of two stage RC coupled amplifier - classification of amplifiers - single ended power amplifier - push pull amplifier.
UNIT IV:FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS AND OSCILLATORS:
Concept of feedback in amplifiers - types of feedback - voltage gain of feedback amplifier - advantages of negative feedback - classification of oscillators - positive feedback amplifier as an oscillator - LC oscillators - Hartley, Colpitt's and RC oscillators - Phase shift, Wien's bridge and Crystal oscillators - Astable multivibrator.
UNIT V: OPERATIONLA AMPLIFIERS:
Operational amplifiers - basic information of Op-amp circuits - ideal Op-amp - Open loop operation - feedback in Op- amps - inverting, non-inverting and summing amplifiers - voltage follower - differentiator and integrator - differential amplifier - gains in differential and common modes - CMRR-comparators.
Text Books
1.
Bhargave,Kulsheshtra and Gupta, Basic Electronics and Linear Circuits, Tata McGraw Hill,New Delhi, 1984.
2.
Roy Choudhury and Shalil Jain Linear Integrated Circuits, New Age International,New Delhi,1999.
Reference Books
1.
Theraja, B.L., Basic Electronics (Solid State), S. Chand & Co., New Delhi,2000.
2.
Metha, V.K., Principles of Electronics, S.Chand & Co., New Delhi,2001.
PAPER IX: MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS(06UPH09)
UNIT I : LAPLACE TRANSFORM
Errors and approximation-maxima and minima - Physical applications - Laplace transform - definition and properties - methods of finding Laplace transforms - inverse Laplace transform and its properties - methods of finding inverse Laplace trasforms - application of Laplace transform to the solution of differential equation with constant and variable coefficients for Physics problems.
UNIT II: MATRICES
Solutions to linear equations - Cramer's rule - characteristic matrix and characteristic equations of a matrix - eigen values and eigen vectors - sub spaces and null spaces - transformations - Hermitian froms - diagonalisation of 3 x 3 symmetric matrices.
UNIT III : BETA AND GAMMA FUNCTIONS
Fundamental property of gamma functions - the value of gamma (1/2) and graph of the gamma function - function - transformation of gamma function - different forms of beta function - relation between beta and gamma functions - reduction of definite integrals to gamma functions - Applications.
UNIT IV : ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY
Maxwell's equations for electromagnetic field - relations connecting divergence and curl of D and B - physical interpretation of Maxwell's equations - decaying of free change - Poynting vector and Poynting theorem.
UNIT V: SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY
Michelson - Morley experiment - results - conclusions - Postulates of special theory of relativity - derivation of Lorentz transformation equations - length contraction - time dilation - relativity of simultaneity - relativistic addition of velocities - variation of mass with velocity - mass - energy equation - consequences
Text Books
1.
B.D.Gupa, Mathematical Physics, Vikas Pub.House, New Delhi, 2005
2.
J.B.Rajam, Atomic Physics, S.Chand & Co., New Delhi, 2005
3.
R.Murugeshan, Mechanics and Mathematical Methods, S.Chand & Co., New Delhi,1999
PAPER-X:DIGITAL ELECTRONICS AND MICROPROCESSOR(06UPH10)
UNIT I:BOOLEAN ALGEBRA AND SIMPLIFICATION OF BOOLEAN EXPRESSIONS
Number system - binary, octal, hexadecimal conversion - ASCII code - NAND/NOR Gates as universal building blocks - De Morgan's theorems - XOR and XNOR gates - Boolean algebra - solving Boolean equations - Karnaugh map method for simplifying Boolean expression - Product of sum(POS) and Sum of product(SOP) - NAND - NAND, NOR-NOR IMPLEMENTAION - Half adder -Full adder - Half subtractor - Full subtractor
UNIT II: 555 CIRCUITS
555 timer - detailed study - astable, monostable and bistable multivibrators using 555 timer - RS flip-flop - D flip-flop, edge triggering - JK flip-flop - Master - Slave flip - flop, Schmidt trigger - coding - decoding - multiplexer - demultiplexer.
UNIT III: REGISTERS AND MEMORIES
Registers - Shift register - series and parallel loading - counter - 4 bit binary ripple counter - BCD counter - ring counter - basic idea of digital clock
Semiconductor memories - bipolar - MOS-ROM-RAM-PROM-EPROM-EEPROM-Floppy disc and Compact disc
UNIT IV 8085: MICROPROCESSOR
Microcomputer - Microprocessor development - terms related to microprocessor - 8085 microprocessor architecture - word length, address registers - block diagram of microprocessor - ALU- accum8lator - counter - stack pointer - internal data bus- addressing modes - instruction set - Mnemonics - communication with microprocessor - polling and interrupts.
UNIT V: APPLICATIONS OF MICROPROCESSOR
Programs for (i) 8 bit addition (ii)8 bit subtraction (iii) Multiplication and division (iv)greatest and smallest number in an array of 8 bit unsigned numbers(v)arranging numbers in ascending and descending order (vi)D/A conversion (vii) A/D conversion(viii)Bubble sort method - MODEM.
Text Books
1.
Malvino and Leach, Digital principles and Applications TMH
2.
P Mathur, Introduction to Microprocessor TMH
Reference Books
1.
Gilmore, Microprocessor principles and Applications TMH
2.
Agarwal & Anil Agarwal, Solid State Electronics - Pragathi Prakashan
3.
Gaonkar - Microprocessor Architecture Programming and Applications
4.
Avinash Kapoor & Maheswari, Digital Electronics – Principles and Practice
5.
Digital Electronics - A.P. Godse, D.A. Godse Technical Publisher Pune
PAPER-XI:SOLID STATE PHYSICS(06UPH11)
Unit I : Crystal structure:
Crystal lattice-primitive and unit cell- seven classes of crystal-Bravais lattice -Miller indices-structure of crystals -simple cubic,hexagonal close packed structure,face centered cubic structure -Body centered cubic structure ,simple cubic structure ,Sodium chloride structure ,Zinc blende structure ,Diamond structure
Unit II : Crystallography and crystal imperfections
Diffraction of X-rays by crystals -Bragg's law in one dimension . Experimental method in X-ray diffraction -Laue method,Rotating crystal method -powder photograph method -Von Laue's equation , point defects-line defects -surface defects -volume defects -Effects of crystal imperfections
Unit III : Magnetic properties
Different types of magnetic materials -classical theory of diamagnetism (Langevin's theory)-Langevin's theory of paramagnetism -Weiss theory of paramagnetism - Quantum theory of ferromagnetism-Anti ferromagnetism-Ferrimagnetism-Ferrites
Unit IV : Dielectric properties
Fundamental definition in dielectrics -Different types of electric polarization -Frequency and temperature effects on polarization -Dielectric loss Clausius Mosotti relation-.determination of dielectric constant-dielectric breakdown -properties of different types of insulating materials
Unit V : Modern EngiNeering Materials and materials
Polymers-Ceramics-Supper strong materials –cermets high temperature materials –Thermo electric materials -Electrets –Nuclear engineering materials-Plastics metallic glasses-Optical materials –Fiber optic Materials-Acoustic materials
Text Books
1.
Introduction to Solid State Physics –C.Kittel(2005)
2.
Material science- M.Arumugam(2005)
Reference Books
1.
Materials science and engineering-Raghavan(2005)
2.
Introduction to solids-Azaroff(2005)
3.
Solid State Physics-A.J.Deckker(2005)
SEMESTER VI
PAPER-XII:ATOMIC PHYSICS(06UPH12)
Unit I
Free Electron theory of metals -electrical conduction in metals -expression for electrical conductivity - limitations -expressions for thermal conductivity -Widemann - Franz law.
Photoelectric effect-Lenard's method to determine e/m for photoelectrons-Richardson and Compton experiment - relation between photoelectric current and retarding potential - relation between velocity of photoelectrons and frequency of light - failure of electromagnetic theory - Einstein's light quantum hypothesis and photoelectric equation - experimental verification of photoelectric equation - Millikan's experiment.
Unit II
Positive ray analysis - Thomson's parabola method - theory - determination of e/m and mass of positive ions - Astons mass spectrograph - determination of masses of isotopes - uses of mass spectrographs - separation of isotopes - mass spectrograph method - diffusion method - thermal diffusion method - pressure diffusion method - separation by electrolysis.
Unit III
Theory of alpha scattering - Rutherford scattering formula - experimental verification - nature of privileged quantum orbits-Bohr's correspondence principle - effect of motion of nucleus - evidences in favour of Bohr's theory - Determination of critical potential - Davis and Goucher's method - Sommerfeld's relativistic atom model - application to fine structure of H? line.
Unit IV
Description of vector atom model - quantum numbers associated with vector atom model - coupling schemes - J.J. coupling -LS coupling - application of spatial quantisation - Pauli's exclusion principle - the selection rule - intensity rule - interval rule - Lande's g factor - Bohr magnetron - applications of vector atom model -electron configuration - magnetic dipole moment due to spin- Stern- Gerlach experiment.
Unit V
Spectral terms and notations - fine structure of sodium D lines - fine structure of H? line - effect of electron spin on fine structure of spectral lines (Quantitative treatment) - fine structure of alkali spectra - fine structure of ionized He-Zeeman effect - Larmor's theorem - Quantum mechanical explanation of normal Zeeman effect - anomalous Zeeman effect of D1 and D2 lines of sodium - Paschen - back effect - Stark effect.
Text Books
1.
Modern Physics - by R.Murugesan.
S.Chand and Co.(2005)
2.
Atomic Physics - J.B. Rajam.
S.Chand and Co.(2005)
3.
Atomic and Nuclear Physics-by N.Subrahmanyam and Brijlal.
S.Chand and Co(2005)
Reference Books
1.
Atomic spectra by White(2003)
Mc Graw Hill - Int.book Company
2.
Atomic and Nuclear Physics(2003) by H.Semat and J.R. Albright
Chapman and Hall.
3.
Atomic and Nuclear Physics(2003) by T.A.Littlefiels and Thorley. ELBS.
4.
Atomic and Nuclear Physics by S.N.Ghoshal. S. Chand.(2004)
PAPER-XIII:NUCLEAR PHYSICS(06UPH13)
Unit I : RADIOACTIVITY
Laws of successive disintegration-transient and secular equilibria-range of alpha particles- experimental measurement-Geiger Nuttal Law - alpha ray spectra Gamow's Theory of alpha and decay and its experimental verification- Beta Ray Spectra- origin of line and continuous spectrum-Fermi's Theory of beta decay-K electron capture-DU Mond crystal spectrometer- Nuclear Isomerism.
Unit II : NUCLEAR DETECTORS
Solid State detectors- proportional counter- Wilson's Cloud chamber-Bubble chamber-Bubble chamber-Scintillation counter Cerenkov Counter.
ACCELERATORS:
Linear Accelerator-Synchrotron-Electron Synchrotron-Proton Synchrotron-Proton Synchrotron-Betatron.
Unit III : ARTIFICIAL TRANSMUTATION
Rutherford's Experiment-Bohr's Theory of Nuclear disintegration-Q value equation foe a nuclear reaction-threshold energy-types of nuclear reactions-energy balance and the Q value-threshold energy of an endoergic reaction-the scattering cross section for nuclear reaction.
NEUTRON: Mass, Charge, Decay, Spin and Magnetic Moment, Neutron diffraction, Absorption of neutrons by matter by-neutron sources-detectors-neutron collimator.
Unit IV
NUCLEAR STRUCTURE: Proton- electron theory-proton-neutron theory-neutron- positron theory-the negative proton-neutron theory.
NUCLEAR SIZE: Experimental measurement of nuclear radius- neutron interaction method-isotope structure method-mirror nuclei method.
NUCLEAR CHARGE: Measurement of nuclear charge by the method of alpha scattering.
NUCLEAR FORCES: Meson theory of nuclear forces- nuclear models- liquid drop model -Weissaker's semi-empirical formula-nuclear shell model.
Unit V
NUCLEAR FISSION: Types of nuclear fission- Bohr wheeler theory -chain reaction-critical size and critical mass.
NUCLEAR FUSION: Source of Stellar Energy-Carbon -Nitrogen Cycle-Proton-Proton Cycle-Thermo Nuclear. Reaction-Controlled Thermo Nuclear Reactions.
REACTORS: General aspects of reactors design- pressurized water reactor-boiling water reactors-fast breeder reactors.
ELEMENTARY PARTICLES: Types of interaction-Classification of elementary particles-particle quantum numbers-baryon number-lepton number-strangeness number-hyper charge-isospin quantum number.
CONSERVATION LAWS AND SYMMETRY: Conservation of parity-charge conjunction symmetry-time reversal symmetry-combined inversion of CPT.
Text Books
1.
Modern physics by R..Murugesan , S.chand and company.(2005)
2.
Atomic Physics by J.B.Rajam , S.Chand and company(2005)
3.
Nuclear physics by D.C.Tayal Himalaya Publishing house.(2005)
Reference Books
1.
A source Book on Atomic Energy by Samuel Glasstone(2002).
2.
Atomic and Nuclear Physics by Albright Semat(2003).
3.
Atomic and Nuclear Physics by Little Field and Thorley.ELBS(2002)
4.
Basic Nuclear Physics and Cosmic Rays. B.N Srivatsava, Pragati Prakashan
PAPER XIV:QUANTUM MECHANICS(06UPH14)
Unit I
Breakdown of classical mechanics - inadequacy of old quantum theory - Matter waves - wave packet - Phase velocity - group velocity - G.P. Thomson's verification - Heisenberg's uncertainty principle - illustrations
Unit II
Wave function - physical significance - well-behaved wave functions - normalization - expectation value and Ehrenfest's theorem - Schroedinger's time dependent and time independent wave equation - derivation.
Unit III
One dimensional problems - particle in a box - eigen functions and eigen values - linear harmonic oscillator - rectangular potential barrier - one dimensional potential well and infinitely deep potential well - note on tunneling and alpha decay.
Unit IV
Three dimensional problems - separation of variables - rigid rotator - rotational energy levels and eigen functions - hydrogen atom - separation of variables - azimuthal, polar and radial equations - energy levels and eigen functions - quantum numbers.
Unit V
Statistical equilibrium - phase space - microstates and macrostates - Maxwell - Boltzmann distribution law - application to ideal gas - Quantum statistics - Fermi - Dirac distribution law - application to electron gas - Bose-Einstein distribution law - application to photon - comparison of the three statistics.
Text Books
1.
R. Murugeshan, Modern Physics, S.Chand & Co., New Delhi, 2005
2.
Brijlal and Subramaniam, Heat and thermodynamics, S.Chand & Co., New Delhi, 2005.
Reference Books
1.
J.B.Rajam, Modern Physics, S.Chand & Co., New Delhi
PAPER-XV:LASERS AND SPECTROSCOPY(06UPH15)
Unit I : LASER PHYSICS
Population inversion - laser pumping - Resonators - Vibrational modes of resonators - number of modes/unit volume - open resonators - control resonators - Q factor - losses in the cavity - threshold condition - quantum yield - Ruby laser - 3 level system - pumping power - Spiking in U3+ in CAF2 laser - four level laser - solid state lasers - Applications of lasers in industry,medicine and instrumentation
Unit II : MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY
Rotation of molecules - rotation spectra - The rigid diatomic molecule - intensities of spectral lines - Techniques and instrumentation - Chemical analysis by microwave spectroscopy
Unit III : INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
The energy of a diatomic molecule - The simple harmonic oscillator - The diatomic vibrating rotator - vibration - rotation spectrum of carbon monoxide - Breakdown of the Born - Oppenheimer approximation - Interaction of rotations and vibrations - Techniques and instruments - single and double beam operation
Unit IV : RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
Raman effect – Classical and Quantum theory – Molecular polarizability – Pure rotational Raman spectra of linear molecules – Vibrational Raman spectra – Structure determination spectroscopy – Techniques and instrumentation
Unit V : ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY OF MOLECULES
Electron spectra of diatomic molecules - The Born - Oppenheimer approximation - vibrational coarse structure - Progressions - Intensity of vibrational - electronic spectra - Frank Condon principle - dissociation energy and dissociation products - Techniques and instrumentation.
Text Books
1.
An introduction to Lasers, Theory and Applications by M.N. Avadhamulu S Chand & Co.,
2.
Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy by Banwell & McCagh TMH
Reference Books
1.
Opto electronics _- An Introduction by Wilson & Hawkes Prentice Hall
2.
Basic principles of Spectroscopy - Chang Raymond McGraw Hill
3.
Lasers and Nonlinear optics – B.P. Land
4.
Vibrational Spectroscopy-Theory and Applications, New Age International Pvt Ltd (2004)
MAIN PRACTICAL – III
1.
Cantilever- Young's modulus - mirror and Telescope
2.
Static torsion - Rigidity modulus
3.
Compound pendulum
4.
Coefficient of viscosity - ungraduated burette - radius by mercury pellet
5.
Kundt's tube - Young's modulus - velocity of sound
6.
Lee's disc - thermal conductivity of a bad conductor and emissivity
7.
Newton's rings - refractive index of a lens
8.
Spectrometer – I-I¢ curve
9.
Spectrometer - small angled prism
10.
Potentiometer - calibration of high range voltmeter
11.
Deflection magnetometer - m and BH - TAN C position
12.
Copper Voltameter - BH
13.
Principle of multimeter
14.
BG - Determination of absolute capacity
15.
Determination of Thermo emf- direct method - BG
16.
FET characteristics
17.
UJT characteristics
18.
SCR characteristics
19.
Hartley oscillator
20.
Colpitt oscillator
MAIN PRACTICAL – IV
1.
Koenig's method - non uniform bending
2.
Koenig's method - uniform bending
3.
Cantilever - dynamic method
4.
Bifilar pendulum - parallel threads
5.
Viscosity of highly viscous liquid - Searle's viscometer
6.
Thermal conductivity of good conductor - Forbes method
7.
Newton's rings - Refractive index of a liquid
8.
Spectrometer - dispersive power of a grating
9.
Spectrometer - Cauchy's constant
10.
Potentiometer- emf of a thermocouple
11.
Field along the axis of a coil - Vibration magnetometer
12.
Carey Foster's bridge - temperature of coefficient of resistance
13.
BG comparison of Capacities - De Sauty's bridge
14.
BG comparison of mutual inductances
15.
BG absolute determination of mutual inductance
16.
Astable multivibrator using 555 timer
17.
Monostable multivibrator using 555 timer
18.
Bistable multivibrator using 555 timer
19.
Flip flops using gates
20.
RC coupled amplifier - single stage
ELECTIVEI:ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION (06UPHE1)
Unit I
Modulation - definition - types of modulation AM, Fm, Pm - expression for amplitude modulated voltage - Wave form of amplitude modulated - wave - collector modulation circuit - single side band generation - balanced modulator - Am transmitter - block diagram and explanation - frequency modulation - expression for frequency modulated voltage - side bands in FM, FM production by transistor reactance modulator - expression for phase modulation - Comparison of AM, FM, PM
Unit II
Demodulation - definition - Diode detection of AM signals - FM detection - Foster Seely discriminator
Radio receivers - straight receivers - TRF receivers - super heterodyne receivers - Block diagram - explanation of each stage - FM receivers - Block diagram - AGC
Unit III
TV- plumbicon - vidicon - scanning - simple and interlaced scanning - composite video signal - horizontal, vertical and synchronizing pulses - block diagram of TV transmitter and receiver - Color TV - generation R, G, B signals - Simplified block diagram of color TV transmitter and receiver - TV transmitting antennas - turnstile array- dipole panel - TV receiving antenna - Yagi antenna - log periodic antenna
Unit IV
RADAR - principle of radar- azimuth and range measurement - radar-transmitting systems - radar antennas - duplexer - radar receivers - uses of radar Opto electronic devices - photoconductive cell - solar cell - phototransistor - LED- LCD construction and working
Unit V
Digital communications - digital technology - fundamentals of data communication systems - characteristics of data transmission circuits - digital codes - error detection and correction - data sets and inter connection requirements - modem classification - modem interfacing
Text Books
1.
1. Hand book of electronics - Gupta & Kumar Pragati prakashan
Electronics communication systems - Kennedy and Davis, TMH
ELECTIVEII: NUMERICAL METHODS (06UPHE2)
Unit I
CURVE FITTING: Principle of least squares-fittings a straight line-linear regression-fitting a parabola-fitting an exponential curve.
Unit II
ITERATIVE METHODS: Solving non-lineat equations-bisection method-successive approximation-Newton-Raphson method-modified Euler's method -Rugular Falsi method-Runge-Kutta method(second and third orders only)
Unit III
SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR EQUATION: Solution of simultaneous linear equation-Gauss elimination method -iterative method-Gauss-Jacobi method-Gauss-Seidal method-Matrix method of inversion-eigen value and eigen vectors ofa matrix.
Unit IV
METHODS OF INTERPOLATION: Newton's definite interpolation-equal and unequal intervals-Newton's forward interpolation formula-Newton's backward interpolation formula-Bessel formula-Lagrangian method-Numercial differentitation.
Numerical methods for scientific Enginering Computation-Jain,Iyenfar S R K, Jain R.K New Age Publishers.
ELECTIVE-III:PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE C(06UPHE3)
Unit I
Introduction -Basic structure of c -Programs-Character set-Key words and identifiers-constants Variables -Data types -declarasan of variables-assignning values to variables-defining symbolic constants, Operators and Expressions
Unit II
Reading & Writing a character -formatted input & output -if-if.else.else if ladder-switch stmt. Operator - go to stmt, -while-do-for statements.
Unit III
Array -Introducing-one dimensional& two dimensional arrays-initializing two dimensional arrays.
Handing of character string
Unit IV
User defined functions -form of c functions-Return values &their types-Calling a function -Three categories of functions
Structures and unions-introduction-structure definition-giving values of members - structure installation - unions.
Unit V
Pointers-introduction -Understanding pointers-accessing the address of a variable -declaring & initializing pointers.
File management-introduction - defining , Opening and closing a file -I/O Operation on files.
Text Books
1.
PROGRAMMING IN ANSI C by E.Balagurusamy - Tata McGraw Hill Publications co .Ltd-Ed 2.1
Reference Books
1.
THE SPRIT OF C by Mullish Copper-JAICO publications
ELECTIVE-IV:MEDICAL PHYSICS(06UPHE5)
Unit I
Design of medical instruments-factors to be considered - components of the biomedical instrument system- electrodes - transducers - active transducers - magnetic inducation type - piezoelectric type - photovoltaic type - thermoelectric type -Passive traducers- - resistive - inductive- - capacitive type transducers - liner variable differential transformers(LVDT)
Unit II
Biopotential records - characteristics of recording system- Electrocardiography(ECG) - Electroencephalography(EEG) - Electromyography(EMG) - Electroretinography(ERG) - Recorders with high accuracy -Records for off line analysis.
Speaclised medical equipments - blood cell counter - electron microscope - scanning electron microscope - Radiation detectors - Geiger Mullar counter -cloud chamber - bubble chamber - scintillation counter - Digital thermoter - audiometer - X ray machine- angiography - applications of X-ray examination
Unit V
Advanced medical instrument - computers in medicine - lasers in medicine-endoscope - cryogenic surgery - nuclear imaging - computers tomography - ultrasonic imaging - Magnetic resonance imaging
Text Books
1.
Bio medical instrumentation – M. Arumugam Anuradha Agencies
ELECTIVE-V:ENERGY PHYSICS(06UPHE5)
Unit I : SOLAR ENERGY
Solar radiation at the earth's surface - Solar radiation measurements - solar cells for direct conversion of solar energy to electrical powers - solar cell parameters - efficiency - single crystal silicon solar cells - cadmium sulphide solar cells - Applications - solar heaters - solar cookers - solar green house
Unit II : WIND ENERGY
Basic principles of wind energy conversion- energy estimation - Generating systems - Schemes for electrical generation -generator control - local control - applications of wind energy - energy from waves and tides
Unit III : BIO MASS ENERGY
Bio mass energy - classification - Photosynthesis - biomass conversion process - gobar gas plants - wood gasification ethanol from wood - merits and demerits of biomass energy sources
Unit IV : ENERGY STORAGE
Lead acid batteries - rechargeable batteries - UPS - Hydrogen as fuel - liquid petroleum gas energy
Unit V : IMPACTS OF NON- CONVENTIONAL ENERGY
Energy crisis- possible solutions - energy transportation - patterns of energy consumption in domestics, industrial agricultural sectors- global warming
Text Books
1.
Solar energy - G.D. Rai , 1995 edition
2.
Solar energy - S. P. Suhatme TMH Second edition 1997
3.
Non conventional energy sources – G.D.Rai Fourth edition Khanna publications
4.
Principles of Solar Engineering Kreith & Krieder TMH
5.
Solar Energy - M.P Agarwal S Chand & Co.,
PAPER-1:ALLIED PHYSICS – I(06UPHA1)(General Physics, Heat, Optics and Electricity)
Unit I : Mechanics, Sound
Projectile-range up and down an inclind plane-Impulse-impact-laws of impact-coefficient of restitution-direct impact between two spheres-compound pendulum-theory-determination of acceleration due to gravity.
Production of ultrasonic waves-Piezo electric crystal method-applications-acoustics of buildings-reverberation-reverberation time-absorption coefficient-Sabine's formula.
Unit II : Properties of Matter
Newton's law of gravitation-determination of gravitational constant-Boy's method-bending of beams- expressions for bending moment-experssion for the depression of the free end of the cantilever-uniform and uniform bending-theory and experiment -torsion-expression for couple per unit twist-torsion pendulum-theory rigidity modulud by static torsion-surface tension-excess pressure inside a curved liquid surface- surface tension and interfacial surface tension drop weight method.
Unit III : Heat
Specific heats: Determination of Cp and Cv - Van-der-waas's equation -Critical constants and their determination - Expressions for Critical constants - Thermal conductivity of a bad conductor - Lees' disk method
Joul-Thomson effect - Porous plug experiment - Theory - Inversion temperature - Boil temperature - Liquifaction of gases - Hydrogen and Helium - Adiabatic demagnetization.
Unit IV : Optics
Small angled prism - formation of two thin prisms to produce dispersion without deviation and deviation without dispersion - Constant deviation spectroscope - Interference - Air wedge - Thickness of a wire - Jamins' Interferometer - Rayleigh's Interferometer - Polarisation - Specific rotatory power and its determination
Unit V : Electricity
Carey Foster's bridge - Theory - Measurement of resistance - Potentiometer - Low range voltmeter and ammeter calibration - Theory of moving coil Ballistic Galvanometer - Determination of current and voltage sensitivities - Comparison of capacities - BH curve - magnetometer method.
Books for Reference and Study
1.
Mechanics and mathematical methods
- R Murugesand, S Chand & Co.
2.
Properties of matter and acoustics
- R Murugesand, S Chand & Co.
3.
Heat and Thermodynamics
- Brijlal and Subramaniam, S Chand & Co
4.
Optics and Spectroscopy
- R Murugesand, S Chand & Co.
5.
Electricity and Magnetism
- R Murugesand, S Chand & Co.
PAPER-II:ALLIED PHYSICS II(06UPHA2) (Modern Physics, Spectroscopy and Electronics)
Unit I : Atomic Physics
Vector Atom Model - Spatial quantization - Spinning electron - Quantum numbers associated with vector atom model - Coupling schemes - LS coupling - jj coupling - Pauli's exclusion principle - Periodic classification of elements - example of electron configuration - Stern - Gerlach experiment
Unit II : Nuclear Physcs and Solid State Physics
Nuclear models - liquid drop model - semi empirical mass formula - Merits and demerits - Shell model - evidences - Collective model
Nuclear radiation detectors - Ionisation chamber - Geiger Muller counter - Wilson cloud chamber - Bubble chamber
Particle Accelerators - Synchrocyclotron - Betatron
Solid State
Physics - Bonding in crystals - ionic bond - covalent bond - metallic bond - molecular bond - hydrogen bond
Unit III : Spectroscopy
Molecular spectra - Theory of pure rotational spectrum - origin of vibration - rotation spectrum - electronic spectra - Laser Raman spectroscopy - Resonance spectroscopy - Basic theory of NMR and ESR
Unit IV : Basic Electronics
Semiconductor Physics - construction and characteristics of FET, SCR, UJT - Phase shift oscillator working with theory - Multivibrator - astable - monostable - bistable - basic circuits - Operational amplifier as differentiator and integrator.
Unit V : Digital Electronics
Binary, octal hexadecimal numbers and their inter conversion - Laws of Boolean algebra - De Morgan's theorems - NAND/NOR as Universal building blocks -Karnaugh mapping - pairs - quads - octets - simplification of Boolean expressions - Half and full adder - Half and full subtractor
Text Books
1.
Modern Physics, R.Murugesan S Chand & Co Twelfth edition
2.
Digital Principles and applications, Malvino & Leach TMH
3.
3. Principles of Electronics - V K Mehta S Chand & Co
Reference Books
1.
Modern Physics J.B. Rajam S Chand & Co
2.
Hand Book of Electronics Gupta & Kumar Pragathi Prakashan
PAPER-III:Allied Physics – Practical(06UPHA3)
1.
Young's modulus - non uniform bending - pin and microscope
2.
Young's modulus - uniform bending - pin and microscope
3.
Torsion pendulum - rigidity modulus
4.
Static torsion- rigidity modulus
5.
Surface tension and interfacial surface tension -drop weight method
6.
Specific heat capacity of liquid - method of mixtures - half time radiation correction
7.
Lee's disc - coefficient of thermal conductivity of a bad conductor.
8.
Sonometer - frequency of fork.
9.
Air Wedge - thickness of wire.
10.
Newton's rings - radius of curvature.
11.
Spectrometer - i - d curve
12.
Spectrometer - dispersive power of a grating.
13.
Potentiometer - ammeter calibration
14.
Field along the axis of a coil - BH
15.
Voltage regulator using zener diode
16.
DeMorgan's theorems using Ics
PERIYAR UNIVERSITY, SALEM-11
CHECKLIST FOR INSPECTION COMMISSIONS AND AFFILIATION OF COURSES
1.
Name of the Course : BSc ( PHYSICS)
2.
Name of the Board of Studies : PHYSICS(UG)
3.
Name of the Chairman/ Chairperson: Dr . S. Seetharaman
4.
Teaching Staff requirement I Year : One
II Year : Two
III Year : Four
5.
Teaching Staff with Qualifications (As per UGC Guidelines) : MSc ( Physics) with at least 55% marks
And a pass in NET/ SLET examination
6.
Infrastructure requirement (a) Class Room : Three
(b) Furnitures : Twelve desks with benches
(c) Fan facilities : Four
(d) Staff Room : Two, one for HOD and the other for staff
7.
Library (a) Total No of Books : 1000
Total No of Text Books: 800
Total No of Reference Books: 200
(b) Journals and Magazines :
International level : Five
National level : Five
8.
Laboratory facilities (a) Computer facilities:
I Year: One fully equipped system
II Year: Two fully equipped systems
III Year: Five fully equipped system with net connectivity
(b) Equipment/Apparatus :
I Year : Minimum of 4 sets of apparatus for
All prescribed experiments
II Year : Minimum of 4 sets of apparatus for
All prescribed experiments
III Year : Minimum of 4 sets of apparatus for
All prescribed experiments
9.
Any other 1. Laboratory should have generator facility.
2.There should be a dark room for light and BG experiments
3. Gas connection should be provided for heat experiments
4.Two laboratory assistants should be appointed.
5. A Mechanic with a knowledge of instrumentation should be appointed.
6.There should be at least 12 work tables.
SAMPLE MODEL QUESTION PAPER
BSc( Physics) - ELECTRICITY
Time: Three Hours - Max : 100 Marks
Answer all the questions - Part- A ( 10 x 2= 20 Marks)
1.
What is a capacitor? State the unit of capacity.
2.
Give the principle of attracted disc electrometer.
3.
Define thermo electric power.
4.
What is the effect of iron core in a solenoid?
5.
State two uses of BG.
6.
Define time constant of a LR circuit.
7.
Define coefficient of coupling between two coils.
8.
Give the principle of choke coil.
9.
Distinguish between series and parallel resonance.10.What is skin effect?
10.
What is skin effect?
Part- B ( 5 x 4= 20 Marks)
11.
a) Derive expressions for potential of a soap bubble.
( Or)
b) Derive expression for capacity of cylindrical condenser.
12.
a)Derive expressions for Peltier and Thomson coefficients
(Or)
b)Write a note on thermoelectric diagrams
13.
a)Derive expression for the magnetic induction at any point due to a solenoid.
(Or)
b)Derive expression for self inductance of a long solenoid.
14.
a) Obtain an expression for the growth of a current in a LR circuit.
(Or)
b)A condenser is charged in a DC source thorough a resistance of 2 Megohms.
If it takes 0.5 seconds for the charge to reach ½ of it's initial value, what is the capacity of the condenser?
15.
a) An alternating emf of 200 Volts and 50 Hz is applied to a condenser in series with a
20 V , 5 W lamp.Find the capacity of the condenser required to run the lamp.
(Or)
b)Derive expression for power factor in LR circuit.
Part C( 5 x 12 = 60 Marks)
16.
a)Derive expression for the capacity of a spherical condenser. Prove that there is always loss of energy when condensers share their charges.
(Or)
b)Explain with necessary theory the measurement of large potential difference using attracted disc electrometer.
17.
a).Describe a Carey- Foster's bridge and explain how it can be used to find the temperature coefficient of resistance.
(Or)
b)Explain calibration of a high range voltmeter using potentiometer.
18.
a)Explain with necessary theory measurement of absolute capacity using BG.
(Or)
b)Give the theory of moving coil ballistic galvanometer.
19.
a)Discuss the growth and decay of current in a CR circuit.
(Or)
b)Explain how high resistance is measured using BG by leakage method
20.
a) Derive expression for the maximum current in a series resonance circuit. Ftnd the b frequency of oscillation.
(Or)
b) Explain the theory of transformer with and without load.
ALLIED CHEMISTRY - FIRST / THIRD SEMESTER - PAPER I
INORGANIC, ORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-I
Unit I - (90 HOURS)
1.1
Chemical Bonding
Molecular Orbital Theory-bonding, antibonding and nonbonding orbitals.
M.O. diagrams of Hydrogen, Helium, Nitrogen, Fluorine and Nitric Oxide-discussion of bond order and magnetic properties.
1.2
Hydrides-classification and characteristics - preparation, properties and uses of Borazole, NaBH4 and LiAlH4.
1.3
Carbonyls-Mononuclear and polynuclear carbonyls-Examples.
Preparation, properties and structure of Cr(CO)6, Fe(CO)5 and Ni(CO)4.
Unit-II Nuclear Chemistry
2.1
Fundamental particles of Nucleus - Nuclide, isotopes, isobars and isotones
2.2
Natural radioactivity-radioactive series including Neptunium series-Group displacement law.
2.3
Nuclear Binding energy, mass defect-Calculations.
2.4
Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion-differences - Stellar energy.
2.5
Artificial Radioactivity-Preparation of transuranium elements -Np, Pu, Cf, Es and No.
2.6
Applications of radioistopes-C-14 dating, rock dating,isotopes an tracers, study of Reaction mechanism (ester hydrolysis) radiodiognosis and radiotherapy.
Unit-III
3.1
Covalent Bond-Orbital Overlap-Hybridisation - Geometry of Organic molecules-Methane, Ethylene, Acetylene and Benzene.
3.2
Electron displacement Effects: Inductive, Resonance, Hyper conjugative & steric effects. Their effect on the properties of compounds.
3.3
Stereoisomerism: Symmetry-elements of symmetry- cause of optical activity, Tartaric acid. Racemisation. Resolution. Geometrical isomerism of Maleic and Fumaric acids-Keto-enol tautomerism of Acetoacetic ester-conformers of n-butane with brief explanation
Unit-IV
4.1
Aromatic compounds-Aromaticity-Huckel's rule
4.2
Electrophilic substitution in Benzene-Mechanism of Nitration, Halogenation-Alkylation, Acylation.
4.3
Isolation, preparation, properties and structure of Naphthalene Haworth's synthesis.
4.4
Heterocyclic compounds:- Preparation, properties and uses of Furan, Thiophene, Pyrrole and Pyridine.
4.5
Preparation and uses of CHCl3, CCl4, Saccharin and Freon.
Unit-V
5.1
Solutions: Liquid in liquid type-Raoult's law for ideal solutions. positive and negative deviation from Raoult's law-Reasons and examples, Fractional distillation and Azeotropic distillation.
5.2
Colligative properties: Review of colligative properties of dilute solutions-lowering of V.P, elevation of B.Pt and depression of F.Pt and osmotic pressure. Reverse osmosis. Abnormal molecular weights-vant Hoff factor-degree of dissociation and association-problems.
5.3
Chromatography: principle and application of column, paper and thin layer chromatography.
Co-ordination chemistry-definition of terms-classification of ligands-Nomenclature- Chelation-Examples. Chelate effect-explanation.
1.2
Werner's theory-conductivity and precipitation studies. Sidgwick's theory-Effective Atomic number concept.
1.3
Pauling's theory-postulates-Application to octahedral, square planar and tetrahedral complexes. Pauling's theory and magnetic properties of complexes. Merits and demerits of Pauling's theory.
1.4
Biological role of Haemoglobin and Chlorophyll (Elementary idea of structure and mechanism of action).
1.5
Application of coordination compounds in qualitative and quantitative analysis-separation of Copper and Cadmium ions, Nickel and Cobalt ions-identification of metal ions like Cu, Fe and Ni. Quantitative estimation of Ni using DMG, Aluminium using Oxine.
1.6
1.6. EDTA and its application.
1.7
Environmental chemistry: Discussion of the following-Green House effect and global warming Ozonal Hole, Acid rain. BOD and COD and its importance. Sewage treatment- Rainwater harvesting-its need, methods and advantages -Solid waste disposal. Noise pollution, Radioactive pollution-health hazards.
Unit II
2.1
Carbohydrates: Classification, preparation and properties of Glucose and Fructose-discussion of open chain and ring structure of Glucose. Mutarotation. Preparation and properties of Sucrose. Structure (detailed discussion of structure not necessary) Properties of Starch, Cellulose and derivatives of Cellulose. Inter conversion of Glucose to Frutose and vice versa.
2.2
Amino Acids-classification, preparation and properties of Glycine. and Alanine. Preparation of peptides (Bergmann method only).
2.3
Proteins: classification according to composition, biological function and shape. Denaturation of proteins.
Unit III
3.1
Chemotherapy: Preparation, uses and mode of action of sulpha drugs-prontosil, sulphadiazine and sulphafurazole. Uses of penicillin, chloramphenicol and streptomycin, Definition and one example each for-analgesics, antipyretics, tranquilizers, sedatives, hypnotics, local anaesthetics and general anaesthetics. Cause and treatment of-diabetes, cancer and AIDS.
3.2
Polymer chemistry: Classification of polymers-natural and synthetic - rubber, cellulose, starch, polyamides, polyesters, PVC-(starting materials and uses only). Special properties of polymers.
Unit IV
4.1
Photochemistry: Grotthus-Draper law and Stark-Einstien's law of photochemical equivalence. Quantum yield. Example for photochemical reactions- Hydrogen-Chlorine reaction (elementary idea only) photosynthesis. Phosphorescence, Fluorescence, Chemiluminescence and Photosensitisation - definition with examples.
4.2
Phase Rule: Phase rule and the definition of terms in it. Application of phase rule to water system. Reduced phase rule and its application to a simple eutetic system (Pb-Ag) Freezing mixtures.
Unit V
5.1
Electro Chemistry: Kohlrausch law -measurement of conductance, pH determination. Conductometic titrations. Hydrolysis of salts.
Derivation of Kh. pH and buffer action in living system. Galvanic cells-EMF-standard electrode potentials, reference electrodes, electrochemical series and its applications. Principle of electroplating, pH determination
